Viceroyalty of Peru.
The
first colonizers to arrive in South America were Spaniards.
In a way, this happened by mere chance, since they intended to find a
passage to India. Basically motivated by the expectations of finding precious
metals, it is not surprising that the Spanish crown should consider Lima
rather than Buenos Aires, which only had virgin lands and nomadic tribes
with hostile natives.That
is why the Viceroyalty of Peru developed slowly, always under the
shadows of the Inca Empire. It
was the interest aroused by the development of the port of Buenos Aires
for countries such as Portugal (which expanded its colonizing campaigns
up to Plata River), England and France, (which carried out
expeditions in Patagonia and Malvinas) that made Spain aware of the importance
and autonomy of this region. 
